Product Name :
Histone H2A.X (Ab-139) polyclonal antibody Background :
Histone H2A.X is a variant histone that represents approximately 10% of the total H2A histone proteins in normal human fibroblasts. H2A.X is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and DNA repair following double-stranded DNA breaks. DNA damage, caused by ionizing radiation, UV-light, or radiomimetic agents, results in rapid phosphorylation of H2A.X at Ser139 by PI3K-like kinases, including ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK. Within minutes following DNA damage, H2A.X is phosphorylated at Ser139 at sites of DNA damage. This very early event in the DNA-damage response is required for recruitment of a multitude of DNA-damage response proteins, including MDC1, NBS1, RAD50, MRE11, 53BP1, and BRCA1. In addition to its role in DNA-damage repair, H2A.X is required for DNA fragmentation during apoptosis and is phosphorylated by various kinases in response to apoptotic signals. H2A.X is phosphorylated at Ser139 by DNA-PK in response to cell death receptor activation, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK1) in response to UV-A irradiation, and p38 MAPK in response to serum starvation. H2A.X is constitutively phosphorylated on Tyr142 in undamaged cells by WSTF (Williams-Beuren syndrome transcription factor). Upon DNA damage, and concurrent with phosphorylation of Ser139, Tyr142 is dephosphorylated at sites of DNA damage by recruited EYA1 and EYA3 phosphatases. While phosphorylation at Ser139 facilitates the recruitment of DNA repair proteins and apoptotic proteins to sites of DNA damage, phosphorylation at Tyr142 appears to determine which set of proteins are recruited. Phosphorylation of H2A.X at Tyr142 inhibits the recruitment of DNA repair proteins and promotes binding of pro-apoptotic factors such as JNK1. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing only mutant H2A.X Y142F, which favors recruitment of DNA repair proteins over apoptotic proteins, show a reduced apoptotic response to ionizing radiation. Thus, it appears that the balance of H2A.X Tyr142 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation provides a switch mechanism to determine cell fate after DNA damage. Product :
Rabbit IgG, 1mg/ml in PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.4. Storage&Stability :
Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. Specificity :
Histone H2A.X(Ab-139) polyclonal antibody detects endogenous levels of Histone H2A.X protein. Immunogen :
Synthetic peptide, corresponding to Human Histone H2A.X(Ab-139). Conjugate :
Unconjugated Modification :
Unmodification

• 
  Western blot (WB) analysis of Histone H2A.X (Ab-139) polyclonal antibody at 1:5000 dilution Lane1:BV2 whole cell lysate(40ug) Lane2:C6 whole cell lysate(40ug) Lane3:HCT116 whole cell lysate(40ug) Lane4:HEK293T whole cell lysate(40ug)
• 
  Immunofluorescence analysis of HCT116 cells using Histone H2A.X antibody at dilution of 1:50.
• 
  Immunofluorescence analysis of HCT116 cells using Histone H2A.X antibody at dilution of 1:50.
• 
  Immunofluorescence analysis of HCT116 cells using Histone H2A.X antibody at dilution of 1:50.

Bioworld Biotech only provide peptides for our antibodies and do not provide additional peptide customization services.

---

Price/Size :

USD 368/1mg/vial

---

---

Tips: 

For phospho antibody, we provide phospho peptide（0.5mg) and non-phospho peptide(0.5mg).

---

Describe :

Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. These peptide usually contains the epitope recognized by the antibody. Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. This mechanism is useful when non-specific binding is an issue, for example, in Western blotting (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). By comparing the staining from the blocked antibody versus the antibody alone, one can see which staining is specific; Specific binding will be absent from the western blot or IHC performed with the neutralized antibody.

---

Formula:

Synthetic peptide was lyophilized with 100% acetonitrile and is supplied as a powder. Reconstitute with 0.1 ml DI water for a final concentration of 10 mg/ml.The purity is >90%,tested by HPLC and MS.

---

Storage:

The freeze-dried powder is more stable. For short time at 2-8°C. For long term storage store at -20°C. 

---

Note :

This product is for research use only (RUO only). Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

---